Zimbardo & Why Good People Do Evil

I chanced upon a copy of "The Lucifer Effect - Understanding How Good People Turn Evil" (Random House 2007) by Professor Zimbardo the other day. This followed another chance encounter with the Professor on a BBC Radio 4 programme hosted by Celia Hammond last week.

Substantially based on his Stanford (University) Prison Experiment in the 1970s, but extensively "contextualised", "The Lucifer Effect" explores how bad/evil situations give rise to bad/evil human behaviour. Having just skimmed the book, I can't say more than that, but its contents and the radio interview have set me thinking on this subject.

My own intepretation of "Evil" and, for that matter, "Good", is threefold :

1. There are some people who are inherently bad/good almost to the exclusion of the other quality, and the rest of us exist on a spectrum between the 2 qualities.
2. Situations give rise to bad/evil and good behaviour : this seems to be the main theme of Professor Zimbardo's work.
3. There is also archetypal or metaphysical evil/good which can be "released" by both people and situations.

The overall message of Professor Zimbardo's work is that we must all seek to avoid the creation of bad/evil situations, wherever and when possible, not least because these, in my view, provide channels for the levels 1 and 3 kind of evil.